Primary version
Cryptography
Generating Hashes
MD5 hash
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require 'digest'
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puts Digest::MD5.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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SHA1 hash
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require 'digest'
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puts Digest::SHA1.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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SHA2 hash
In SHA2 you have 2 ways to do it.
Way #1: By creating a new SHA2 hash object with a given bit length.
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require 'digest'
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​
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# 1
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sha2_256 = Digest::SHA2.new(bitlen = 256) # bitlen could be 256, 384, 512
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sha2_256.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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​
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# 2
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Digest::SHA2.new(bitlen = 256).hexdigest '[email protected]'
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Way #2: By Using the class directly
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require 'digest'
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puts Digest::SHA256.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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puts Digest::SHA384.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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puts Digest::SHA512.hexdigest '[email protected]'
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Bonus: Generate Linux-like Shadow password
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require 'digest/sha2'
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password = '[email protected]'
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salt = rand(36**8).to_s(36)
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shadow_hash = password.crypt("$6quot; + salt)
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Windows LM Password hash
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require 'openssl'
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​
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def split7(str)
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str.scan(/.{1,7}/)
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end
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​
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def gen_keys(str)
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split7(str).map do |str7|
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​
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bits = split7(str7.unpack("B*")[0]).inject('') do |ret, tkn|
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ret += tkn + (tkn.gsub('1', '').size % 2).to_s
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end
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​
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[bits].pack("B*")
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end
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end
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​
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def apply_des(plain, keys)
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dec = OpenSSL::Cipher::DES.new
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keys.map {|k|
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dec.key = k
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dec.encrypt.update(plain)
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}
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end
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​
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LM_MAGIC = "[email protected]\#$%"
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def lm_hash(password)
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keys = gen_keys password.upcase.ljust(14, "\0")
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apply_des(LM_MAGIC, keys).join
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end
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​
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puts lm_hash "[email protected]"
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Windows NTLMv1 Password hash
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require 'openssl'
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ntlmv1 = OpenSSL::Digest::MD4.hexdigest "[email protected]".encode('UTF-16LE')
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puts ntlmv1
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Windows NTLMv2 Password hash
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require 'openssl'
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ntlmv1 = OpenSSL::Digest::MD4.hexdigest "[email protected]".encode('UTF-16LE')
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userdomain = "administrator".encode('UTF-16LE')
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ntlmv2 = OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(OpenSSL::Digest::MD5.new, ntlmv1, userdomain)
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puts ntlmv2
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MySQL Password hash
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puts "*" + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(Digest::SHA1.digest('[email protected]')).upcase
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PostgreSQL Password hash
PostgreSQL hashes combined password and username then adds md5 in front of the hash
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require 'digest/md5'
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puts 'md5' + Digest::MD5.hexdigest('[email protected]' + 'admin')
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Symmetric Encryptions
To list all supported algorithms
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require 'openssl'
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puts OpenSSL::Cipher.ciphers
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To unserdatand the cipher naming (eg.
AES-128-CBC), it devided to 3 parts seperated by hyphen <Name>-<Key_length>-<Mode>Symmetric encrption algorithms modes need 3 import data in order to work
- 1.Key (password)
- 2.Initial Vector (iv)
- 3.Data to encrypt (plain text)
AES encryption
Encrypt
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require "openssl"
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​
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data = 'Rubyfu Secret Mission: Go Hack The World!'
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​
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# Setup the cipher
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cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher::AES.new('256-CBC') # Or use: OpenSSL::Cipher.new('AES-256-CBC')
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cipher.encrypt # Initializes the Cipher for encryption. (Must be called before key, iv, random_key, random_iv)
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key = cipher.random_key # If hard coded key, it must be 265-bits length
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iv = cipher.random_iv # Generate iv
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encrypted = cipher.update(data) + cipher.final # Finalize the encryption
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Dencrypt
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decipher = OpenSSL::Cipher::AES.new('256-CBC') # Or use: OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new('AES-256-CBC')
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decipher.decrypt # Initializes the Cipher for dencryption. (Must be called before key, iv, random_key, random_iv)
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decipher.key = key # Or generate secure random key: cipher.random_key
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decipher.iv = iv # Generate iv
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plain = decipher.update(encrypted) + decipher.final # Finalize the dencryption
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Resources
Caesar cipher
Caesar cipher is one of the oldest known encryption methods. It is very simple - it is just shifting an alphabet. Transformation is termed ROTN, where N is shift value and ROT is from "ROTATE" because this is a cyclic shift.
In Ruby, array rotation is mutter of using rotate() method. So all what we need is to have array of all alphabets rotate it and map it with the original given string.
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#!/usb/bin/env ruby
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#
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# Caesar cipher
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#
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​
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def caesar_cipher(string, shift=1)
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lowercase, uppercase = ('a'..'z').to_a, ('A'..'Z').to_a
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lower = lowercase.zip(lowercase.rotate(shift)).to_h
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upper = uppercase.zip(uppercase.rotate(shift)).to_h
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​
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# One-liner: encrypter = ([*('a'..'z')].zip([*('a'..'z')].rotate(shift)) + [*('A'..'Z')].zip([*('A'..'Z')].rotate(shift))).to_h
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encrypter = lower.merge(upper)
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string.chars.map{|c| encrypter.fetch(c, c)}
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end
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​
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string = ARGV[0]
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1.upto(30) do |r|
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puts "ROT#{r}) " + caesar_cipher(string, r).join
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end
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result
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$-> ruby caesar-cypher.rb Fipmti
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ROT1) Gjqnuj
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ROT2) Hkrovk
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ROT3) Ilspwl
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ROT4) Jmtqxm
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ROT5) Knuryn
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ROT6) Lovszo
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ROT7) Mpwtap
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ROT8) Nqxubq
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ROT9) Oryvcr
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ROT10) Pszwds
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ROT11) Qtaxet
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ROT12) Rubyfu <--
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ROT13) Svczgv
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ROT14) Twdahw
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ROT15) Uxebix
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ROT16) Vyfcjy
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ROT17) Wzgdkz
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ROT18) Xahela
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ROT19) Ybifmb
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ROT20) Zcjgnc
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ROT21) Adkhod
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ROT22) Belipe
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ROT23) Cfmjqf
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ROT24) Dgnkrg
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ROT25) Eholsh
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ROT26) Fipmti
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ROT27) Gjqnuj
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ROT28) Hkrovk
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ROT29) Ilspwl
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ROT30) Jmtqxm
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Sources:
Enigma script
​
​
Figure 1. Enigma machine diagram
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Plugboard = Hash[*('A'..'Z').to_a.shuffle.first(20)]
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Plugboard.merge!(Plugboard.invert)
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Plugboard.default_proc = proc { |hash, key| key }
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​
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def build_a_rotor
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Hash[('A'..'Z').zip(('A'..'Z').to_a.shuffle)]
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end
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​
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Rotor_1, Rotor_2, Rotor_3 = build_a_rotor, build_a_rotor, build_a_rotor
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​
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Reflector = Hash[*('A'..'Z').to_a.shuffle]
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Reflector.merge!(Reflector.invert)
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​
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def input(string)
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rotor_1, rotor_2, rotor_3 = Rotor_1.dup, Rotor_2.dup, Rotor_3.dup
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​
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string.chars.each_with_index.map do |char, index|
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rotor_1 = rotate_rotor rotor_1
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rotor_2 = rotate_rotor rotor_2 if index % 25 == 0
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rotor_3 = rotate_rotor rotor_3 if index % 25*25 == 0
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​
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char = Plugboard[char]
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​
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char = rotor_1[char]
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char = rotor_2[char]
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char = rotor_3[char]
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​
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char = Reflector[char]
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​
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char = rotor_3.invert[char]
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char = rotor_2.invert[char]
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char = rotor_1.invert[char]
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​
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Plugboard[char]
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end.join
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end
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​
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def rotate_rotor(rotor)
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Hash[rotor.map { |k,v| [k == 'Z' ? 'A' : k.next, v] }]
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end
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​
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plain_text = 'IHAVETAKENMOREOUTOFALCOHOLTHANALCOHOLHASTAKENOUTOFME'
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puts "Encrypted '#{plain_text}' to '#{encrypted = input(plain_text)}'"
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puts "Decrypted '#{encrypted}' to '#{decrypted = input(encrypted)}'"
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puts 'Success!' if plain_text == decrypted
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Last modified 8mo ago