Command Execution

Ruby System Shell Command Execution

Some things to think about when choosing between these ways are:

1. Are you going to interact with none interactive shell, like ncat ? 2. Do you just want stdout or do you need stderr as well? Or even separated out?

2. How big is your output? Do you want to hold the entire result in memory?

3. Do you want to read some of your output while the subprocess is still running?

4. Do you need result codes?

5. Do you need a ruby object that represents the process and lets you kill it on demand?

The following ways are applicable on all operating systems.

Kernel#exec

>> exec('date')
Sun Sep 27 00:39:22 AST 2015
RubyFu( ~ )->

Kernel#system

>> system 'date'
Sun Sep 27 00:38:01 AST 2015
#=> true

Dealing with ncat session?

Have you ever wondered about how to do deal with interactive commands like passwd or ncat sessions in Ruby? If you're familiar with Python, you've probably used python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'. In Ruby it's really easy using exec or system. The main trick is to forward STDERR to STDOUT so you can see system errors.

exec

ruby -e 'exec("/bin/sh 2>&1")'

system

ruby -e 'system("/bin/sh 2>&1")'

Kernel#` (backticks)

>> `date`
#=> "Sun Sep 27 00:38:54 AST 2015\n"

IO#popen

>> IO.popen("date") { |f| puts f.gets }
Sun Sep 27 00:40:06 AST 2015
#=> nil

Open3#popen3

require 'open3'
stdin, stdout, stderr = Open3.popen3('dc') 
#=> [#<IO:fd 14>, #<IO:fd 16>, #<IO:fd 18>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00000002f68bd0 sleep>]
>> stdin.puts(5)
#=> nil
>> stdin.puts(10)
#=> nil
>> stdin.puts("+")
#=> nil
>> stdin.puts("p")
#=> nil
>> stdout.gets
#=> "15\n"

Process#spawn

Kernel.spawn executes the given command in a subshell. It returns immediately with the process id.

pid = Process.spawn("date")
Sun Sep 27 00:50:44 AST 2015
#=> 12242

%x"", %x[], %x{}, %x$''$

>> %x"date"
#=> Sun Sep 27 00:57:20 AST 2015\n"
>> %x[date]
#=> "Sun Sep 27 00:58:00 AST 2015\n"
>> %x{date}
#=> "Sun Sep 27 00:58:06 AST 2015\n"
>> %x$'date'$
#=> "Sun Sep 27 00:58:12 AST 2015\n"

Rake#sh

require 'rake'
>> sh 'date'
date
Sun Sep 27 00:59:05 AST 2015
#=> true

IO#ioctl (Injecting Commands)

You can also inject commands into other terminals using Ruby and IOCTL syscall

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

# Target TTY device path (Example: /dev/pts/0)
tty = ARGV[0]
cmd = ARGV[1] + "\n"

abort("Usage: #{__FILE__} <device> <command>") unless ARGV[0] && ARGV[1]
abort("#{__FILE__}: Must be run as root") unless Process.uid == 0

dev = IO.new(IO.sysopen(tty))

abort("The given device is not a tty") unless dev.tty?

cmd.each_char do |c|
    dev.ioctl(0x5412, c)
end

Extra

To check the status of the backtick operation you can execute $?.success?

$?

>> `date`
=> "Sun Sep 27 01:06:42 AST 2015\n"
>> $?.success?
=> true

How to choose?

A great flow chart has been made on stackoverflow

• Ruby | Execute system commands

• 5 ways to run commands from Ruby

• 6 ways to run Shell commands in Ruby

• How to choose the correct way

• Executing commands in ruby